See demonization on Wiktionary
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"glosses": [
"The act of demonizing."
],
"id": "en-demonization-en-noun-mawvk3H-",
"links": [
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"demonizing",
"demonize"
]
],
"tags": [
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"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "šayṭana",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "شَيْطَنَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "demanizácyja",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дэманіза́цыя"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "demonizácija",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "демониза́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "yāomóhuà",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"word": "妖魔化"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "démonizace"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "diabolisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "démonisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "demonización"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dämonisierung"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verteufelung"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "daimonopoíisi",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δαιμονοποίηση"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "it",
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"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "demonizzazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"alt": "あくまか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "akumaka",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"word": "悪魔化"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"alt": "惡魔化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "angmahwa",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"word": "악마화"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "demonizacija",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "демонизација"
},
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"tags": [
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"word": "demonizacja"
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"lang": "Romanian",
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"word": "demonizare"
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"roman": "demonizácija",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
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"feminine"
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"word": "демониза́ција"
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"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
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"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
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"word": "demonizácija"
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"code": "sk",
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"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
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"word": "démonizácia"
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"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
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"word": "demonizacija"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something demonized."
],
"id": "en-demonization-en-noun-AsDEB1UL",
"links": [
[
"demonize",
"demonize"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-demonization.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-demonization.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-demonization.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-demonization.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-demonization.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
}
],
"word": "demonization"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -ization",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/5 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "demon",
"4": "-ization",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish distinct electron motion\nProto-Indo-European *kerh₃-der.?\nLatin carbōlbor.\nFrench carbonebor.\nEnglish carbonbf.\nEnglish -on\nEnglish demon\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ization\nEnglish demonization\n[distinct]] electron motion\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bf.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Back-formation from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"element\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"carbon\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"charcoal\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"heat\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kerh₃-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"carbō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"carbone\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"carbon\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"back-formation\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-on\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"demon\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"-izō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-iser\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-isen\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ize\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-acioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ization\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"demonization\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"demonization\">\nFrom demon + -ization.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish distinct electron motion\nProto-Indo-European *kerh₃-der.?\nLatin carbōlbor.\nFrench carbonebor.\nEnglish carbonbf.\nEnglish -on\nEnglish demon\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.\nLate Latin -izōder.\nMiddle French -iserbor.\nMiddle English -isen\nEnglish -ize\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ization\nEnglish demonization\nFrom demon + -ization.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "demonizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "demonisation",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "demonization (countable and uncountable, plural demonizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The act of demonizing."
],
"links": [
[
"demonizing",
"demonize"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Something demonized."
],
"links": [
[
"demonize",
"demonize"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-demonization.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-demonization.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-demonization.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-demonization.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-demonization.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "šayṭana",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "شَيْطَنَة"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "demanizácyja",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дэманіза́цыя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "demonizácija",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "демониза́ция"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "yāomóhuà",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"word": "妖魔化"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "démonizace"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "diabolisation"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "démonisation"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "demonización"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dämonisierung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verteufelung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "daimonopoíisi",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δαιμονοποίηση"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "demonizzazione"
},
{
"alt": "あくまか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "akumaka",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"word": "悪魔化"
},
{
"alt": "惡魔化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "angmahwa",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"word": "악마화"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "demonizacija",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "демонизација"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "demonizacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "demonização"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "demonizare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "demonizácija",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "демониза́ция"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "демониза́ција"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "demonizácija"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "démonizácia"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "demonizacija"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "demonización"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "satanización"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "demonisering"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "demonizácija",
"sense": "the act of demonizing or something demonized",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "демоніза́ція"
}
],
"word": "demonization"
}
Download raw JSONL data for demonization meaning in All languages combined (13.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.